Which of the following is a problematic weed in no-till production systems?

Field bindweed is recognized as a problematic weed in no-till production systems primarily due to its aggressive growth habits and extensive root system. Its ability to thrive in a variety of soil types and its deep roots enable it to compete effectively with crops for nutrients and water. In no-till systems, where soil disturbance is minimal, field bindweed can establish and spread rapidly, making it difficult to control with standard management practices.

By contrast, the other options, while they may also be weeds in agricultural settings, do not exhibit the same level of persistence or competitiveness specifically in no-till environments. For instance, common waterhemp is a concern but often requires different management strategies, unlike field bindweed, which uses its perennating structures to resist management efforts effectively. Shattercane is problematic primarily in certain crops but does not exhibit the same extensive perennial growth patterns as field bindweed. White clover, although it can grow in no-till systems, is typically considered a beneficial cover crop rather than a weed because it can enhance soil health and fertility, making it less likely to be viewed as problematic in the context of no-till production.